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@@ -10,39 +10,56 @@
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#### <a href=#10>Additional Features</a>
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* <a href=#11>Using the mnemonic and seed features</a>
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-* <a href=#12>Mnemonics and seeds — additional information</a>
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+* <a href=#12>Mnemonics and seeds: additional information</a>
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* <a href=#13>Incognito wallets</a>
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* <a href=#13a>Hidden incognito wallets</a>
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-IMPORTANT NOTE: The following primer presupposes you have MMGen installed
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-on two computers, one offline and one online. However, if you have an online
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-computer and a few Bitcoin addresses with small balances, it's perfectly
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-possible to practice the operations decribed below on a single machine.
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+The following primer presupposes you have MMGen installed on two computers, one
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+offline and one online. However, if you have an online computer and a few
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+Bitcoin addresses with small balances, it’s perfectly possible to perform the
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+operations described below on a single online machine.
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-If you're just looking to get your feet wet, wallet generation, wallet format
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-conversions, address and key generation, and address import may all be practiced
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-on an online or offline computer with no blockchain and no Bitcoin balance.
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+For those who just want to experiment with MMGen: all wallet generation, wallet
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+format conversion, address and key generation, and address import operations can
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+be performed on either an online or offline computer with an empty blockchain
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+and no Bitcoin balance.
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+
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+Note that all the filenames, seed IDs, Bitcoin addresses and so forth used in
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+this primer are fake. Substitute real ones in their place as you go. The up
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+arrow (for repeating commands) and tab key (or Ctrl-I) (for completing commands
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+and filenames) will speed up your work at the command line greatly.
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### <a name=01>Basic Operations</a>
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#### <a name=02>Generate a wallet (offline computer):</a>
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-On your offline computer, generate a wallet with a random seed:
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+On your offline computer, generate a wallet:
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$ mmgen-walletgen
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...
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MMGen wallet written to file '89ABCDEF-76543210[256,3].mmdat'
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-"89ABCDEF" is the Seed ID; "76543210" is the Key ID. These are randomly
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-generated, so your IDs will of course be different than the fictitious ones used
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-here.
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+‘89ABCDEF’ is the Seed ID; ‘76543210’ is the Key ID. These are randomly
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+generated, so your IDs will of course be different than these.
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+
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+The Seed ID never changes and is used to identify all keys/addresses generated
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+by this wallet. You should make a note of it. The Key ID changes whenever the
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+wallet’s password or hash preset are changed and is less important.
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+
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+‘256’ is the seed length; ‘3’ is the scrypt hash preset. These values are
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+configurable: type `mmgen-walletgen --help` for details.
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-The Seed ID never changes and will be used to identify all keys/addresses
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-generated by this seed. The Key ID changes when the wallet's password or hash
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-preset are changed.
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+Before moving any funds into your MMGen wallet, you should back it up in several
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+places and preferably on several media such as paper, flash memory or a CD-ROM.
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+You’re advised to use a passphrase with your wallet. Otherwise, anyone who
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+gains physical access to one of your backups can easily steal your coins. Don’t
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+forget your passphrase. If you do, the coins in your MMGen wallet are gone
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+forever.
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-"256" is the seed length; "3" is the scrypt hash preset. These values are
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-configurable: type 'mmgen-walletgen --help' for details.
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+Since the wallet is a small, humanly readable ASCII file, it can easily be
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+printed out on paper. It can also be exported to more compact forms, the seed
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+file and mnemonic (discussed below). These formats are short enough to be
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+written out by hand or memorized.
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#### <a name=03>Generate addresses (offline computer):</a>
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@@ -66,265 +83,202 @@ Now generate ten addresses with your just-created wallet:
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10 1H7vVTk4ejUbQXw45I6g5qvPBSe9bsjDqh
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}
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-Note that the address range, "1-10", is reflected in the resulting filename.
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-MMGen addresses are identified by their Seed ID and index number, separated by a
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-colon. In this example, "89ABCDEF:1" is the MMGen equivalent of Bitcoin address
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-16bNmyYISiptuvJG3X7MPwiiS4HYvD7ksE, "89ABCDEF:2" the equivalent of
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-1AmkUxrfy5dMrfmeYwTxLxfIswUCcpeysc, and so forth.
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+Note that the address range ‘1-10’ specified on the command line is included in
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+the resulting filename. MMGen addresses consist of the Seed ID followed by ‘:’
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+and an index. In this example, ‘89ABCDEF:1’ represents the Bitcoin address
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+‘16bNmy...’, ‘89ABCDEF:2’ represents ‘1AmkUx...’ and so forth.
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+
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+To begin moving your Bitcoin holdings into your MMGen wallet, just spend into
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+any of these addresses. If you run out of addresses, generate more. To
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+generate a hundred addresses, for example, you’d specify an address range of ‘1-100’.
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-Let's say you've decided to transfer some BTC into the first four addresses
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-above. Your first step, then, will be to import these addresses into the
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-tracking wallet on your online machine so their balances will be visible.
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-For convenient identification, you've chosen to provide the addresses with the
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-labels "Donations", "Storage 1", "Storage 2" and "Storage 3".
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+Let’s say you’ve decided to spend some BTC into the first four addresses above.
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+Before doing so, you must import these addresses into the tracking wallet on
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+your online machine so their balances will be visible. For convenience
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+of reference, provide the addresses with labels. We’ll use the labels
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+‘Donations’, ‘Storage 1’, ‘Storage 2’ and ‘Storage 3’.
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-Make a copy of the file:
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+Make a copy of the address file
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$ cp '89ABCDEF[1-10].addrs' my.addrs
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-and edit the copy using your favorite text editor to look like this:
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+and edit it using the text editor of your choice,
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+
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+ $ nano my.addrs
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+
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+adding labels to the addresses you’ve chosen to spend to:
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- $ cat my.addrs
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# My first MMGen addresses
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89ABCDEF {
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1 16bNmyYISiptuvJG3X7MPwiiS4HYvD7ksE Donations
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2 1AmkUxrfy5dMrfmeYwTxLxfIswUCcpeysc Storage 1
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3 1HgYCsfqYzIg7LVVfDTp7gYJocJEiDAy6N Storage 2
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4 14Tu3z1tiexXDonNsFIkvzqutE5E3pTK8s Storage 3
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+ 5 1PeI55vtp2bX2uKDkAAR2c6ekHNYe4Hcq7
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+ 6 1FEqfEsSILwXPfMvVvVuUovzTaaST62Mnf
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+ 7 1LTTzuhMqPLwQ4IGCwwugny6ZMtUQJSJ1
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+ 8 1F9495H8EJLb54wirgZkVgI47SP7M2RQWv
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+ 9 1JbrCyt7BdxRE9GX1N7GiEct8UnIjPmpYd
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+ 10 1H7vVTk4ejUbQXw45I6g5qvPBSe9bsjDqh
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}
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-Note the comment beginning with a '#' symbol. Comments may be placed at the
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-ends of lines as well. Note also that rows in the list may be arranged in any
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-order: addresses need not be consecutive.
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+Any line beginning with ‘#’ is a comment. Comments may be placed at the ends
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+of lines as well.
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-Copy this file onto a USB stick and transfer it to your online computer.
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+Save the file, copy it onto a USB stick and transfer it to your online computer.
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#### <a name=04>Import addresses (online computer):</a>
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On your online computer, go to your bitcoind data directory and move any
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-existing 'wallet.dat' file out of harm's way. Start bitcoind and let it
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-generate a new 'wallet.dat', which you'll use as your **tracking wallet**.
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-Import your four addresses into the new tracking wallet with the command:
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+existing 'wallet.dat' file out of harm’s way. Start bitcoind and let it
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+generate a new 'wallet.dat', which you’ll use as your tracking wallet.
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+Import your ten addresses into the new tracking wallet with the command:
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+
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+ $ mmgen-addrimport --batch my.addrs
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+
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+These addresses will now be tracked: any BTC transferred to them will show up in
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+your listing of address balances. Balances can be viewed using `mmgen-tool
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+listaddresses` (the `showempty` option requests the inclusion of addresses with
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+empty balances, and `showbtcaddrs` causes Bitcoin addresses to be displayed
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+also).
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+
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+ $ mmgen-tool listaddresses showempty=1 showbtcaddrs=1
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+ MMGenID ADDRESS COMMENT BALANCE
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+ 89ABCDEF:1 16bNmyYISiptuvJG3X7MPwiiS4HYvD7ksE Donations 0
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+ 89ABCDEF:2 1AmkUxrfy5dMrfmeYwTxLxfIswUCcpeysc Storage 1 0
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+ 89ABCDEF:3 1HgYCsfqYzIg7LVVfDTp7gYJocJEiDAy6N Storage 2 0
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+ 89ABCDEF:4 14Tu3z1tiexXDonNsFIkvzqutE5E3pTK8s Storage 3 0
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+ 89ABCDEF:5 1PeI55vtp2bX2uKDkAAR2c6ekHNYe4Hcq7 0
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+ ...
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+ TOTAL: 0 BTC
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- $ mmgen-addrimport my.addrs
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+Note that it’s also possible to [track ordinary Bitcoin addresses with your
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+tracking wallet][1]. This is not recommended, however, as you must save their
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+corresponding keys in a key list in order to spend them. Avoiding the use of
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+keys is precisely the reason MMGen was created!
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-These addresses will now be tracked by bitcoind. Any BTC transferred to them
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-will show up in your listing of address balances. Balances can be viewed with
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-the 'mmgen-tool' utility:
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+Now that your addresses are being tracked, you may go ahead and send some BTC to
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+them. If you send 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 BTC respectively, for example, your
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+address listing will look something like this after the transactions have been
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+confirmed:
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$ mmgen-tool listaddresses
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- No addresses with balances!
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-
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-The 'showempty' option shows all tracked addresses, even ones with no balances,
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-so the four imported addresses should now show up on the listing:
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-
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- $ mmgen-tool listaddresses showempty=1
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- ADDRESS COMMENT BALANCE
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- 89ABCDEF:1 Donations 0
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- 89ABCDEF:2 Storage 1 0
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- 89ABCDEF:3 Storage 2 0
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- 89ABCDEF:4 Storage 3 0
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-
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-If you have any existing addresses with balances, you'll want to track them too.
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-Make a plain list of these addresses, one address per line, and import the list
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-into the tracking wallet using 'mmgen-addrimport -l'.
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-
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- $ mmgen-addrimport --rescan -l my_existing_addrs_with_balances
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-
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-NOTE: The '--rescan' option forces a rescan of the entire block chain, which is
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-required for all addresses with existing balances. Since the rescanning process
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-is very slow, you'll save yourself a great deal of time by always importing
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-new addresses BEFORE spending into them.
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-
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-Continue in this fashion until you've imported all addresses with balances into
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-your tracking wallet.
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+ MMGenID COMMENT BALANCE
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+ 89ABCDEF:1 Donations 0.1
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+ 89ABCDEF:2 Storage 1 0.2
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+ 89ABCDEF:3 Storage 2 0.3
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+ 89ABCDEF:4 Storage 3 0.4
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+ TOTAL: 1 BTC
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#### <a name=05>Create a transaction (online computer):</a>
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-Now that your existing addresses are imported, you're ready to create a test
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-transaction using the 'mmgen-txcreate' command. Note that transactions are
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-harmless until they're signed and broadcast to the network, so feel free to
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-experiment with different transactions using different combinations of inputs
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-and outputs.
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-
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-First of all, you'll want to examine your balances. Note that 'mmgen-tool
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-listaddresses' shows only MMGen address balances; to view **all** balances,
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-including your non-MMGen ones, use the 'mmgen-txcreate' command:
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-
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- $ mmgen-txcreate -i
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-
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-A list of all unspent outputs will appear, along with a menu allowing you to
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-sort the outputs by four criteria: transaction ID, address, amount and
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-transaction age. Your overall balance in BTC appears at the top of the screen.
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-The list may optionally be viewed in a pager or printed to file. For a wallet
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-with ten unspent outputs, the display might look something like this:
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-
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- UNSPENT OUTPUTS (sort order: reverse amount) Total BTC: 39.72
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- Num TX id Vout Address Amount (BTC) Age(days)
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- 1) 04f97185... 2 1F93Znz8PI5Pnvv8ZAJsb74EzKpmRMLFbk 10 320
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- 2) dd900544... 1 194Fceqx86jqIWumphUmfVyFMjAAbMLcSE 9.9287435 7
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- 3) 7ec81a8f... 0 1FhIkRabPSZhhUsA6qvukmfK4T4PZLbC4M 7.26 17
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- 4) 64094b55... 0 16JSUJdGMbxUBEQatAR5sGE89tbSIsLHqg 3.15 140
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- 5) fd687c65... 1 1QKAtU66aUntCBx9m6TfEIf3gQuCNWCVDY 3.15 140
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- 6) 9a8f20e2... 1 1FMNDFz1yUywjJSprjvYY9t1yxkE8GGIwT 3.15 140
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- 7) 03a7c51a... 3 1svxnSdKVIcMs6qWYA7qLzA29orXbzXUm 1.6382466 54
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- 8) 9955f06c... 2 18nWPLQGUzI7X1Rcm4zmVV6Z3xhokdYx9G 1.2 27
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- 9) 8a4ab4f5... 0 13S9HNu7PQn1aJ4qILfhqRSakXwvSTnbwJ 0.23033 3
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- 10) 5bfe5621... 1 1FV1Lhs6Dnc9gMxjJTo6h4nTeIjJbQ1PgV 0.01 42
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-
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- Sort options: [t]xid, [a]mount, a[d]dress, [A]ge, [r]everse, [M]mgen addr
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- View options: [g]roup, show [m]mgen addr
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- (Type 'q' to quit sorting, 'p' to print to file, 'v' to view in pager):
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+Now that you have some BTC under MMGen’s control, you’re ready to create a
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+transaction. Note that transactions are harmless until they’re signed and
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+broadcast to the network, so feel free to experiment and create transactions
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+with different combinations of inputs and outputs.
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-Now let's actually create a transaction. Let's say you've decided to gradually
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-begin moving your 39.72 BTC balance into your shiny new MMGen wallet with Seed
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-ID 89ABCDEF.
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+To send 0.1 BTC to the a third-party address 1AmkUxrfy5dMrfmeYwTxLxfIswUCcpeysc,
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+for example, and send the change back to yourself at address 89ABCDEF:5, you’d
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+issue the following command:
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-Before moving any funds into your MMGen wallet, you should back it up in several
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-places and possibly on several media too: paper, flash memory or CD-ROM, for
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-example. You're advised to use a passphrase on your wallet. Otherwise, anyone
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-who gains physical access to one of your backups can easily steal your coins.
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+ $ mmgen-txcreate 1AmkUxrfy5dMrfmeYwTxLxfIswUCcpeysc,0.1 89ABCDEF:5
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-Recall that there's no limit to the number of addresses you can generate with
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-your seed. You've wisely determined that having many addresses with relatively
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-small balances is a Good Idea. So you've decided to begin by breaking up your
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-address with the largest balance, 10 BTC, address 1F93Znz..., into three roughly
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-equal parts and send them to the addresses labeled "Storage 1", "Storage 2" and
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-"Storage 3" (89ABCDEF:2, 89ABCDEF:3 and 89ABCDEF:4).
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+Note that 'mmgen-txcreate' accepts either MMGen IDs or Bitcoin addresses as
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+arguments.
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-To refresh your memory, here are the three destination addresses in question:
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+To send 0.1 BTC to each of your addresses 89ABCDEF:6 and 89ABCDEF:7 and return the
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+change to 89ABCDEF:8, you’d do this:
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- $ cat my.addrs | grep -v Donations
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- # My first MMGen addresses
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- 89ABCDEF {
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- 2 1AmkUxrfy5dMrfmeYwTxLxfIswUCcpeysc Storage 1
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- 3 1HgYCsfqYzIg7LVVfDTp7gYJocJEiDAy6N Storage 2
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- 4 14Tu3z1tiexXDonNsFIkvzqutE5E3pTK8s Storage 3
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- }
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+ $ mmgen-txcreate 89ABCDEF:6,0.1 89ABCDEF:7,0.1 89ABCDEF:8
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-The following command does just this, sending 6.6 BTC of the transaction's 10
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-BTC input to the first two addresses and the remainder to the third address,
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-for which no amount has been specified:
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+As you can see, each send address is followed by a comma and the amount. The
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+address with no amount is the change address. All addresses belonging to your
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+seed in the above examples are already imported and tracked, so you’re OK. If
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+you wanted to send to 89ABCDEF:11 instead, you'd have to import it first.
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- $ mmgen-txcreate 1AmkUxrfy5dMrfmeYwTxLxfIswUCcpeysc,3.3 1HgYCsfqYzIg7LVVfDTp7gYJocJEiDAy6N,3.3 14Tu3z1tiexXDonNsFIkvzqutE5E3pTK8s
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-The address with no amount is the **change address**; MMGen will calculate
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-the amount sent to it automatically by subtracting the sum of the outputs
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-plus transaction fee, if any, from the inputs. In our example, 3.39995 BTC (10
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-BTC - (3.3 + 3.3 BTC) - .00005 BTC default transaction fee) will go to this
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-address.
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+Let’s go with the first of our two examples above.
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-Note that the above transaction can be expressed much more concisely by
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-replacing the Bitcoin addresses with their MMGen equivalents:
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+Upon invocation, the 'mmgen-txcreate' command shows you a list of your
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+unspent outputs along with a menu allowing you to sort the outputs by four
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+criteria: transaction ID, address, amount and transaction age. Your overall
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+balance in BTC appears at the top of the screen. In our example, the display
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+will look something like this:
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- $ mmgen-txcreate 89ABCDEF:2,3.3 89ABCDEF:3,3.3 89ABCDEF:4
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+ UNSPENT OUTPUTS (sort order: Age) Total BTC: 1
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+ Num TX id Vout Address Amt(BTC) Age(d)
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+ 1) e9742b16... 5 1L3kxmi.. 89ABCDEF:1 Donations 0.1 1
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+ 2) fa84d709... 6 1N4dSGj.. 89ABCDEF:2 Storage 1 0.2 1
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+ 3) 8dde8ef5... 6 1M1fVDc.. 89ABCDEF:3 Storage 1 0.3 1
|
|
|
+ 4) c76874c7... 0 1E8MFoC.. 89ABCDEF:4 Storage 3 0.4 1
|
|
|
|
|
|
-For this to work, the addresses must be imported into your tracking wallet,
|
|
|
-which they should be in any case.
|
|
|
+ Sort options: [t]xid, [a]mount, a[d]dress, [A]ge, [r]everse, [M]mgen addr
|
|
|
+ Display options: show [D]ays, [g]roup, show [m]mgen addr, r[e]draw screen
|
|
|
+ 'q'=quit view, 'p'=print to file, 'v'=pager view, 'w'=wide view, 'l'=add label:
|
|
|
|
|
|
-After hitting ENTER you'll be presented with the same UNSPENT OUTPUTS display as
|
|
|
-with the '-i' option above. In our example, note that the output with 10 BTC
|
|
|
-which you wish to spend, 1F93Znz..., is listed as number '1'. Remember this.
|
|
|
-After quitting the menu with 'q' you'll see the following prompt:
|
|
|
+After quitting the menu with 'q', you’ll see the following prompt:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Enter a range or space-separated list of outputs to spend:
|
|
|
|
|
|
-Type your remembered '1' here and hit ENTER. After several more prompts and
|
|
|
-confirmations, your transaction will be saved:
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- Transaction written to file 'FEDCBA[6.6].rawtx'
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Note that the transaction has a unique ID, and the non-change spend amount of
|
|
|
-6.6 BTC is included in the filename.
|
|
|
+Here you must choose outputs of sufficient value to cover the send amount of 0.1
|
|
|
+BTC, plus the transaction fee. By the way, MMGen calculates fees automatically
|
|
|
+using bitcoind’s 'estimatefee' RPC call, which makes things very convenient. If
|
|
|
+you want to increase the fee a bit for speedier confirmation, use the
|
|
|
+`--tx-fee-adj` option. Type `mmgen-txcreate --help` for details.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-#### <a name=06>Create a keylist file (online computer):</a>
|
|
|
+Output #2 is worth 0.2 BTC, which is sufficient, so let’s choose it. After
|
|
|
+several more prompts and confirmations, your transaction will be saved:
|
|
|
|
|
|
-To sign your transaction, you'll need the Bitcoin private key corresponding to
|
|
|
-its input address, '1F93Znz....'
|
|
|
+ Transaction written to file 'FEDCBA[0.1].rawtx'
|
|
|
|
|
|
-If the key in question is in a bitcoind wallet ('wallet.dat'), you'll want to
|
|
|
-extract the key (along with all the other keys in the wallet) to a keylist
|
|
|
-file. This is done using the 'bitcoin-cli dumpwallet' command with bitcoind
|
|
|
-running.
|
|
|
+Note that the transaction filename consists of a unique ID plus the spend
|
|
|
+amount.
|
|
|
|
|
|
- $ bitcoin-cli dumpwallet my_secret.keys
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-This will write the keylist file 'my_secret.keys' (or whatever filename you've
|
|
|
-chosen) to your home directory (or maybe to your Bitcoin data directory, results
|
|
|
-may vary). If you want it written to another location, provide an absolute
|
|
|
-path.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Note that the keylist file lists your private keys in *unencrypted* form, even
|
|
|
-if your 'wallet.dat' was encrypted. Therefore, it should be backed up to a safe
|
|
|
-location—to a USB stick, say, or to your offline computer. After you've backed
|
|
|
-it up, securely delete all copies of it on your online computer.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-You'll use this keylist file to sign all transactions that spend from addresses
|
|
|
-in your bitcoind wallet.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-If the key/address pair in question came from another source, you may create
|
|
|
-your own file 'my_secret.keys' (or whatever) in a plain text editor and just
|
|
|
-list the key in this file. In the case of multiple keys, just list them all,
|
|
|
-one key per line. In our example, the file will have one line containing a
|
|
|
-single private key corresponding to the address '1F93Znz....'
|
|
|
+As you can see, MMGen gives you complete control over your transaction inputs
|
|
|
+and change addresses. This feature will be appreciated by privacy-conscious users.
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### <a name=06>Sign a transaction (offline computer):</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
-Now transfer the the raw transaction file and just-created keylist file to your
|
|
|
-offline computer and run:
|
|
|
+Now transfer the the raw transaction file to your offline computer and sign it
|
|
|
+using your wallet:
|
|
|
|
|
|
- $ mmgen-txsign -k my_secret.keys FEDCBA[6.6].rawtx
|
|
|
+ $ mmgen-txsign FEDCBA[0.1].rawtx 89ABCDEF-76543210[256,3].mmdat
|
|
|
...
|
|
|
- Signed transaction written to file 'FEDCBA[6.6].sigtx'
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-The signed transaction is written to a new file whose name differs from the raw
|
|
|
-transaction file only by its '.sig' extension.
|
|
|
+ Signed transaction written to file 'FEDCBA[0.1].sigtx'
|
|
|
|
|
|
-NOTE: once you've migrated your funds to MMGen, the keylist file will no longer be
|
|
|
-needed. Instead, you'll sign transactions by listing an MMGen seed source
|
|
|
-(wallet, mnemonic or seed file) on the command line after the transaction, and
|
|
|
-the required keys will be generated on the fly, as in the following example:
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- $ mmgen-txsign ABCDE[1].rawtx my_mmgen_wallet.mmdat
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-NOTE: transactions may contain a mixture of MMGen and non-MMGen inputs, as well
|
|
|
-as inputs with more than one MMGen Seed ID. Just list a seed source for each
|
|
|
-MMGen input on the command line after the transaction, as in this example:
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- $ mmgen-txsign -k my_secret.keys my_tx.raw a.mmdat b.mmwords c.mmseed
|
|
|
+Note that the signed transaction file bears the extension '.sigtx'.
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### <a name=07>Send a transaction (online computer):</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
-Now you're ready for the final step: broadcasting the transaction to the
|
|
|
-network. Copy the just-created signed transaction file to your online computer,
|
|
|
-start bitcoind and issue the command:
|
|
|
+Now you’re ready for the final step: broadcasting the transaction to the
|
|
|
+network. Copy the signed transaction file to your online computer, start
|
|
|
+bitcoind if necessary, and issue the command:
|
|
|
|
|
|
- $ mmgen-txsend FEDCBA[6.6].sigtx
|
|
|
+ $ mmgen-txsend FEDCBA[0.1].sigtx
|
|
|
|
|
|
-Like all MMGen commands, 'mmgen-txsend' is interactive, so you'll be prompted
|
|
|
+Like all MMGen commands, 'mmgen-txsend' is interactive, so you’ll be prompted
|
|
|
before the transaction is actually sent.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-Once the transaction is broadcast to the network, you can view your three new
|
|
|
-MMGen addresses and their balances:
|
|
|
+Once the transaction is broadcast to the network and confirmed, your address
|
|
|
+listing should look something like this:
|
|
|
|
|
|
- $ mmgen-tool listaddresses minconf=0
|
|
|
- ADDRESS COMMENT BALANCE
|
|
|
- 89ABCDEF:2 Storage 1 3.3
|
|
|
- 89ABCDEF:3 Storage 2 3.3
|
|
|
- 89ABCDEF:4 Storage 3 3.39995
|
|
|
+ $ mmgen-tool listaddresses minconf=1
|
|
|
+ MMGenID COMMENT BALANCE
|
|
|
+ 89ABCDEF:1 Donations 0.1
|
|
|
+ 89ABCDEF:3 Storage 2 0.3
|
|
|
+ 89ABCDEF:4 Storage 3 0.4
|
|
|
+ 89ABCDEF:5 Storage 1 0.0999
|
|
|
+ TOTAL: 0.8999 BTC
|
|
|
|
|
|
-Your total MMGen balance will also now be visible:
|
|
|
+Since you’ve sent 0.1 BTC to a third party, your balance has declined by 0.1 BTC
|
|
|
+plus the tx fee of 0.0001 BTC. To verify that your transaction’s received its
|
|
|
+second, third and so on confirmations, increase `minconf` accordingly.
|
|
|
|
|
|
- $ mmgen-tool getbalance minconf=0
|
|
|
- Wallet Unconfirmed <0 confirms >=0 confirms
|
|
|
- 89ABCDEF: 0 BTC 0 BTC 9.99995 BTC
|
|
|
- TOTAL: 0 BTC 0 BTC 9.99995 BTC
|
|
|
+Congratulations! You’ve now mastered the basics of MMGen!
|
|
|
|
|
|
-To verify that your transaction's received its first, second, third, and so on,
|
|
|
-confirmation, increase the 'minconf' value to 1, 2, 3 and so forth.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Congratulations! You've performed your first MMGen transaction and placed your
|
|
|
-first funds under MMGen control.
|
|
|
+Some of MMGen’s more advanced features are discussed below. Others are
|
|
|
+documented in the help screens of the individual MMGen commands: display these
|
|
|
+by invoking the desired command with the `-h` or `--help` switch.
|
|
|
|
|
|
### <a name=10>Additional Features</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
@@ -342,17 +296,17 @@ Continuing our example above, generate a mnemonic from the wallet:
|
|
|
dirty measure thorn
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note: a 128- or 192-bit seed will generate a shorter mnemonic of 12 or 18
|
|
|
-words. You may generate a wallet with these seed lengths using the '-l'
|
|
|
+words. You may generate a wallet with these seed lengths using the `-l`
|
|
|
option to 'mmgen-walletgen'.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Though some consider 128 bits of entropy to provide adequate security for the
|
|
|
-foreseeable future, it's advisable to stick to the default 256-bit seed length
|
|
|
-if you're not planning to use the mnemonic feature.
|
|
|
+foreseeable future, it’s advisable to stick to the default 256-bit seed length
|
|
|
+if you’re not planning to use the mnemonic feature.
|
|
|
|
|
|
NOTE: MMGen mnemonics are generated from the Electrum wordlist, but using
|
|
|
-ordinary base conversion instead of Electrum's more complicated algorithm.
|
|
|
+ordinary base conversion instead of Electrum’s more complicated algorithm.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-The mnemonic file may be used any place you'd use a MMGen wallet with the same
|
|
|
+The mnemonic file may be used any place you’d use a MMGen wallet with the same
|
|
|
Seed ID. You can generate ten addresses with it just as you did with the
|
|
|
wallet, for example:
|
|
|
|
|
|
@@ -385,7 +339,7 @@ And they can also be used to regenerate a wallet:
|
|
|
...
|
|
|
MMGen wallet written to file '89ABCDEF-23456701[256,3].mmdat'
|
|
|
|
|
|
-Here's a sample seed file for a 256-bit wallet:
|
|
|
+Here’s a sample seed file for a 256-bit wallet:
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ cat 8B7392ED.mmseed
|
|
|
f4c84b C5ZT wWpT Jsoi wRVw 2dm9 Aftd WLb8 FggQ eC8h Szjd da9L
|
|
|
@@ -407,7 +361,7 @@ Or you can do the same thing with 'mmgen-tool':
|
|
|
$ mmgen-tool str2id6 'XnyC NfPH piuW dQ2d nM47 VU'
|
|
|
0fe02f
|
|
|
|
|
|
-#### <a name=12>Mnemonics and seeds — additional information:</a>
|
|
|
+#### <a name=12>Mnemonics and seeds: additional information</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
MMGen commands that take mnemonic and seed data may receive the data from a
|
|
|
prompt instead of a file. Just omit the file name and specify the input format:
|
|
|
@@ -416,16 +370,16 @@ prompt instead of a file. Just omit the file name and specify the input format:
|
|
|
...
|
|
|
Enter mnemonic data: <type or paste your mnemonic here>
|
|
|
|
|
|
-With the '-S' option, MMGen commands may be requested to print wallet data to
|
|
|
+With the `-S` option, MMGen commands may be requested to print wallet data to
|
|
|
screen instead of a file. To safeguard against over-the-shoulder, Van Eck
|
|
|
-phreaking and other side-channel attacks, you'll be prompted before this
|
|
|
+phreaking and other side-channel attacks, you’ll be prompted before this
|
|
|
sensitive data is actually displayed. MMGen never prints unencrypted private
|
|
|
data to screen by default.
|
|
|
|
|
|
The output of any MMGen command may be written to a directory of your choice
|
|
|
-using the '-d' option. For example, on a Linux system you can use
|
|
|
-'-d /dev/shm' to write keys and seeds to volatile memory instead of disk,
|
|
|
-ensuring that no trace of this sensitive data remains once your computer's been
|
|
|
+using the `-d` option. For example, on a Linux system you can use
|
|
|
+`-d /dev/shm` to write keys and seeds to volatile memory instead of disk,
|
|
|
+ensuring that no trace of this sensitive data remains once your computer’s been
|
|
|
powered down.
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### <a name=13><a name=incog>Incognito wallets</a>
|
|
|
@@ -434,7 +388,7 @@ An incognito format wallet is indistinguishable from random data, allowing you
|
|
|
to hide your wallet at an offset within a random-data-filled file or partition.
|
|
|
Barring any inside knowledge, a potential attacker has no way of knowing where
|
|
|
the wallet is hidden, or whether the file or partition contains anything of
|
|
|
-interest at all for that matter.
|
|
|
+interest at all, for that matter.
|
|
|
|
|
|
An incognito wallet with a reasonably secure password could even be hidden on
|
|
|
unencrypted cloud storage. Hiding your wallet at some offset in a 1 GB file
|
|
|
@@ -443,7 +397,7 @@ again that any potential attacker even knows or suspects you have an MMGen
|
|
|
wallet hidden there.
|
|
|
|
|
|
If you plan to store your incognito wallet in an insecure location such as cloud
|
|
|
-storage, you're advised to use a strong scrypt (hash) preset and a strong
|
|
|
+storage, you’re advised to use a strong scrypt (hash) preset and a strong
|
|
|
password. These can be changed using the 'mmgen-passchg' utility:
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ mmgen-passchg -p 5 89ABCDEF-01234567[256,3].mmdat
|
|
|
@@ -457,8 +411,8 @@ password. These can be changed using the 'mmgen-passchg' utility:
|
|
|
MMGen wallet written to file '89ABCDEF-87654321[256,5].mmdat'
|
|
|
|
|
|
The scrypt preset is the numeral in the wallet filename following the seed
|
|
|
-length. As you can see, it's now changed to '5'. Now export your new toughened
|
|
|
-wallet to incognito format, using the '-k' option to leave the passphrase
|
|
|
+length. As you can see, it’s now changed to '5'. Now export your new toughened
|
|
|
+wallet to incognito format, using the `-k` option to leave the passphrase
|
|
|
unchanged:
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ mmgen-walletconv -k -o incog 89ABCDEF-87654321[256,5].mmdat
|
|
|
@@ -470,7 +424,7 @@ unchanged:
|
|
|
Incognito data written to file '89ABCDEF-87654321-ECA86420[256,5].mmincog'
|
|
|
|
|
|
Incog wallets have a special identifier, the Incog ID, which can be used to
|
|
|
-locate the wallet data if you've forgotten where you hid it (see the example
|
|
|
+locate the wallet data if you’ve forgotten where you hid it (see the example
|
|
|
below). Naturally, an attacker could use this ID to find the data too, so it
|
|
|
should be kept secret.
|
|
|
|
|
|
@@ -486,13 +440,13 @@ Incog wallets can also be output to hexadecimal format:
|
|
|
3706 c5ce 56e0 7590 e677 6c6e 750a d057
|
|
|
b43a 21f9 82c7 6bd1 fe96 bad9 2d54 c4c0
|
|
|
|
|
|
-Note that the Incog ID is different here: it's generated from an init vector,
|
|
|
+Note that the Incog ID is different here: it’s generated from an init vector,
|
|
|
which is a different random number each time, making the incog data as a whole
|
|
|
different as well. This allows you to store your incog data in multiple
|
|
|
-public locations without having repeated "random" wallet data give you away.
|
|
|
+public locations without having repeated ‘random’ wallet data give you away.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-Indistinguishable from any random hex dump, this data is ideally suited for a
|
|
|
-paper wallet that could potentially fall into the wrong hands.
|
|
|
+This data is ideally suited for a paper wallet that could potentially fall into
|
|
|
+the wrong hands.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Your incognito wallet (whether hex or binary) can be used just like any other
|
|
|
MMGen wallet, mnemonic or seed file to generate addresses and sign transactions:
|
|
|
@@ -508,9 +462,9 @@ MMGen wallet, mnemonic or seed file to generate addresses and sign transactions:
|
|
|
|
|
|
##### <a name=13a><a name=incog>Hidden incognito wallets</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
-With the '-o hincog' option, incognito wallet data can be created and hidden at
|
|
|
+With the `-o hincog` option, incognito wallet data can be created and hidden at
|
|
|
a specified offset in a file or partition in a single convenient operation, with
|
|
|
-the random file being created automatically if required. Here's how you'd
|
|
|
+the random file being created automatically if necessary. Here’s how you’d
|
|
|
create a 1GB file 'random.dat' and hide a wallet in it at offset 123456789:
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ mmgen-walletconv -k -o hincog -J random.dat,123456789 89ABCDEF-87654321[256,5].mmdat
|
|
|
@@ -522,22 +476,22 @@ create a 1GB file 'random.dat' and hide a wallet in it at offset 123456789:
|
|
|
...
|
|
|
Data written to file 'random.dat' at offset 123456789
|
|
|
|
|
|
-Your "random" file can now be uploaded to a cloud storage service, for example,
|
|
|
+Your ‘random’ file can now be uploaded to a cloud storage service, for example,
|
|
|
or some other, preferably non-public, location on the Net (in a real-life
|
|
|
-situation you will choose a less obvious offset than '123456789' though, won't
|
|
|
+situation you will choose a less obvious offset than '123456789' though, won’t
|
|
|
you?).
|
|
|
|
|
|
-Now let's say at some point in the future you download this file to recover
|
|
|
-your wallet and realize you've forgotten the offset where the data is hidden.
|
|
|
-If you've saved your Incog ID, you're in luck:
|
|
|
+Now let’s say at some point in the future you download this file to recover
|
|
|
+your wallet and realize you’ve forgotten the offset where the data is hidden.
|
|
|
+If you’ve saved your Incog ID, you’re in luck:
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ mmgen-tool find_incog_data random.dat ED1F2ACB
|
|
|
...
|
|
|
Incog data for ID ED1F2ACB found at offset 123456789
|
|
|
|
|
|
The search process can be slow, so patience is required. In addition, on
|
|
|
-large files 'false positives' are a distinct possibility, in which case you'll
|
|
|
-need to use the 'keep_searching=1' parameter to keep going until you find the
|
|
|
+large files ‘false positives’ are a distinct possibility, in which case you’ll
|
|
|
+need to use the `keep_searching=1` parameter to keep going until you find the
|
|
|
real offset.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hidden incog wallets are nearly as convenient to use as ordinary ones.
|
|
|
@@ -550,3 +504,5 @@ Transaction signing uses the same syntax:
|
|
|
$ mmgen-txsign -H random.dat,123456789 ABCDEF[0.1].rawtx
|
|
|
...
|
|
|
Signed transaction written to file 'ABCDEF[0.1].sigtx'
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+[1]: https://github.com/mmgen/mmgen/wiki/Tracking-and-spending-ordinary-Bitcoin-addresses
|
philemon